Recuento histórico de la virtud curativa de las aguas minero-medicinales de San Miguel de los Baños / Historical review of the curative virtue of mineral-medicinal waters of San Miguel de los Baños

RESUMEN San Miguel de los Baños surgió y se desarrolló gracias a sus aguas mineromedicinales. Con el objetivo de determinar el origen, estudio y caracterización de estas se realiza revisión bibliográfica, mediante la consulta de bibliografías y documentos históricos recopilados; la información se buscó sin restricción de fecha de publicación, por descriptores, en bases de datos de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud y por Google, en pos de hallar publicaciones, artículos y archivos que contuvieran en las palabras clave, determinándose que en los momentos fundacionales y durante el funcionamiento del balneario se realizaron estudios de caracterización, uso y terapéutica de las aguas provenientes de los manantiales: "El Tigre" y "La Salud"; desde 1962 no se brinda atención médica, desde 1984 a la fecha solo constan estudios geo- mineros, físico-químicos y bacteriológicos. La población local hace uso de estas aguas sin indicación, dosis y registro. No se han publicado estudios basados en la evidencia necesarios para la prescripción actual (AU).

Summary San Miguel de los Baños was founded and developed thanks to its mineral- medicinal waters. A bibliographic review was carried out with the objective of determining the origin, study and characterization of these waters consulting bibliography and historical documents, searching information without publishing date restriction, using descriptors in databases of the Virtual Health Library and Google for publications, articles and files having the used key words. The authors arrived to the conclusion that in the times of foundation and during the years of the spa functioning, there were carried out studies on characterization, use and therapeutic of the waters running from the springs "El Tigre" and "La Salud"; medical care is not provided since 1962; only geo-mining, physic-chemical and bacteriological studies were carried out from 1984 up to the date. Local population uses the waters without prescription, doses or recording. No evidence-based studies were published for their current prescription (AU).

Águas termais: da balneoterapia à genômica / Thermal spring waters: From balneotherapy to genomics

O presente artigo de revisão relata os dados científicos disponíveis sobre a água termal La Roche-Posay e esclarece seus mecanismos de ação, suas indicações e seus benefícios clínicos. Além disso, estudos clínicos e avaliação genômica do microbioma da pele demonstraram que esta água termal melhora a diversidade do microbioma da pele e reduz a gravidade das lesões cutâneas em dermatoses inflamatórias, tais como dermatite atópica e psoríase. Justifica-se, portanto, o uso de água rica em selênio em formulações tópicas na prevenção ou tratamento de doenças de pele e como coadjuvante para aumentar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes dermatológicos.

This review article reports the scientific data available on La Roche-Posay thermal water and clarifies its mechanisms of action, indications, and clinical benefits. Clinical studies and genomic evaluation of the skin microbiome have shown that La Roche-Posay thermal water improves the skin microbiome's diversity and reduces the severity of skin lesions in inflammatory dermatoses, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Therefore, it justifies the use of selenium-rich water in topical formulations to prevent or treat skin diseases and as an adjunct to increase dermatological patients' quality of life

Combination of Korean Red Ginseng Extract and Hydrogen-Rich Water Improves Spermatogenesis and Sperm Motility in Male Mice / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of hydrogen-rich Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) water (HRGW) mixture on the spermatogenesis and sperm motility of mice of different ages.@*METHODS@#Eighty young (3 month-old) and aged (12 month-old) male mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n =10 per group) including control group, hydrogen-rich water (HRW) group (10 mL/kg daily), KRG group (50 mg/kg daily) and HRGW group (10 mL/kg and 50 mg/kg daily) by an oral zoned needle for 4 weeks. Sperm count and motility were measured using sperm suspension released from cauda epididymis. Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in serum have also been estimated. Tubular changes were examined through histological hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expression of antioxidation (PPx3, PPx4, GSTm5 and GPx4), spermatogenesis (inhibin-a, neptin-2 and CREM), antiaging (SIRT1 and SIRT2), and angiogenesis [visfatin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] related genes were examined through real-time polymerase chain reaction.@*RESULTS@#HRW and KRG treatment stimulated spermatogenesis followed by increasing sperm production and sperm motility (P <0.05). These effects were strengthened synergistically by a HRGW mixture (P <0.05 or P <0.01). HRGW greatly increased the expressions of antioxidation, antiaging, spermatogenesis related genes and VEGF especially in aged mice (P <0.05). Serum testosterone and FSH levels also increased, while serum ROS level decreased (all P <0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#HRGW increases sperm production and motility by enhancing antioxidation and stimulating spermatogenesis and sex hormone production, particularly in aged mice.

Concentração de íons flúor em águas minerais envasadas no Rio Grande do Sul / Concentration of fluoride ions in mineral water bottled in the state of Rio Grande do Sul

Objetivo: avaliar o nível de flúor presente nas águas minerais carbogasosas e não carbogasosas envasadas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, comparando os dados com as informações descritas nos rótulos das embalagens. Materiais e método: foram analisadas cinco marcas comerciais de água mineral. Os valores de padrão/ amostra e tampão Tisab foram utilizados em uma relação de 1:1, e as amostras foram lidas em duplicata. As amostras carbogasosas foram agitadas com bastão magnético para eliminação do gás carbônico. Para determinação de flúor, foram utilizados analisador específico de íons, eletrodo seletivo para íon flúor, eletrodo de referência Ag/AgCl de junção simples. Resultados: foram encontradas concentrações de flúor variando entre 0,13 mg F-/L e 1,31 mg F-/L, com diferenças entre os valores estipulados nos rótulos das marcas de água mineral avaliadas e as análises laboratoriais na presente investigação. Os valores de duas marcas de água mineral com flúor analisadas no estudo mostraram-se acima, considerando os valores de referência (0,6-0,8 mg F-/L), e uma marca não apresentou valores de ação preventiva contra a cárie dentária (valores abaixo de 0,6 mg F-/ L). Conclusão: conclui-se que há divergência entre os valores de íons flúor encontrados nas medições e os informados nos rótulos, sendo necessário um sistema de melhor vigilância para o controle dos níveis de flúor nas águas minerais disponibilizadas à população do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, considerando os benefícios do consumo de águas minerais para prevenção dos níveis de cárie na população. (AU)

Objective: quantify the fluoride level in carbogaseous and non-carbogaseous mineral waters bottled in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, as well as to compare the data with the information described on the package labels. Materials and method: five brands of mineral water were analyzed. Standard/sample values and Tisab buffer were used in a ratio of 1:1, and the samples were read in duplicates. The carbogaseous samples were shaken with a magnetic rod to eliminate the carbon dioxide. For fluoride determination, a specific ion analyzer was used, as well as a fluoride ion-selective electrode, single-junction Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Results: fluoride concentrations ranging from 0.13 mg F-/L to 1.31 mg F-/L were found, with differences between the values specified in the labels of the mineral water brands evaluated and the laboratory analyses of the present investigation. The values of two brands of mineral water with fluoride analyzed in the study were high, considering the reference values (0.6-0.8 mg F-/L), and one brand did not present values of preventive action against dental caries (below 0.6 mg F-/L). Conclusion: there is a divergence between the values of fluoride ions measured and those reported on the labels, which requires a better surveillance system for controlling fluoride levels in the mineral waters offered to the population of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, considering the benefits of mineral water consumption to prevent caries levels in the population. (AU)

Efecto terapéutico de las aguas mineromedicinales en el tratamiento de la gingivoestomatitis herpética aguda / Therapeutic effect of medicinal mineral needles in the treatment of acute herpetic gingivostomatitis

Introducción: el empleo de las aguas con fines curativos, se remonta a épocas tempranas en la evolución del hombre. Objetivo: determinar el efecto terapéutico de aguas mineromedicinales en el tratamiento de gingivoestomatitis herpética aguda. Métodos: estudio analítico cuasiexperimental, en el Policlínico Gilberto Marquetty, Candelaria, Artemisa, en el periodo de octubre de 2011 a octubre de 2012, con un universo de 110 niños de 1 a 14 años diagnosticados con gingivoestomatítis herpética aguda. Por muestreo aleatorio simple se dividieron en dos grupos, Grupo 1 (Control) 55 pacientes, se aplicó tratamiento convencional con antihistamínico y analgésicos, prescripto por el facultativo. Grupo 2 (Estudio): 55 pacientes, se aplicó tratamiento con aguas mineromedicinales. Las variables estudiadas fueron edad, sexo, zona de residencia, síntomas colaterales, zonas anatómicas afectadas y evolución. Se consideró favorable cuando curó o mejoró y desfavorable cuando siguió igual o empeoró. La información se obtuvo por examen físico evolutivo al tercer, quinto y décimo día de tratamiento, evaluando sintomatología y cuadro clínico. Para el análisis de la información se utilizó distribución de frecuencias absolutas y porcentaje. Resultados: evolución satisfactoria, en menos días de tratamiento y con ausencia de reacciones adversas en los pacientes tratados con aguas mineromedicinales; el 50,90 por ciento de niños al tercer día de tratamiento estaban curados y el 96,36 por ciento, al décimo día. Conclusiones: las aguas mineromedicinales del manantial El Templado de San Diego de los Baños tiene efectos terapéuticos favorables en el tratamiento de las gingivoestomatitis herpética aguda en niños; se logró una evolución clínica favorable en menor tiempo que en el tratamiento convencional(AU)

Introduction: The use of needles with therapeutic aims dates back to early ages in humankind evolution. Objective: To determine the therapeutic effect of medicinal mineral needles in the treatment of acute herpetic gingivostomatitis. Methods: Quasi-experimental analytical study, in Gilberto Marquetty Polyclinic of Candelaria, Artemisa Province, from October 2011 to October 2012, with a target group of 110 children at ages 1-14 years diagnosed with acute herpetic gingivostomatitis. By random sampling, they were divided into two groups: 1 (control group, 55 patients), to which conventional treatment with antihistaminic and analgesics, prescribed by the doctor; 2 (study group, 55 patients), to which treatment was applied with medicinal mineral needles. The variables studied were age, sex, dwelling area, side symptoms, affected anatomical areas and natural history. It was considered favorable when healed or ameliorated; and unfavorable when remained the same or worsened. The information was obtained by followed-up physical examination after three, four and five days of treatment, evaluating symptoms and clinical frame. For information analysis, distribution of absolute frequencies and percentages were used. Results: Satisfactory natural history, in less than ten days of treatment and without side effects in patients treated with medicinal mineral needles. 50.90 percent of children were healed after three days of treatment and 96.36 percent after ten days. Conclusions: medicinal mineral needles from El Templado springs of San Diego de los Baños have favorable therapeutic effects in the treatment of acute herpetic gingivostomatitis in less time than the conventional treatments(AU)

Chemical quality of bottled mineral waters from markets of Curitiba-PR-Brazil

ABSTRACT Twenty-seven bottled mineral waters from local markets in Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil were analyzed for a number of constituents, including: pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, hardness, HCO3 - and CO 3 2-, as well as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4 + , F-, Cl-, NO3 -, NO2 - and SO4 2- by ion chromatography (IC); Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Sr, V and Zn by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES); Hg by cold vapor generation-ICP OES and As, Pb, Sb and Se by ICP-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The obtained limits of quantitation (LOQ) were adequate for the determination of all analytes using the various analytical techniques. Results for the analysis of AccuStandard certified reference materials QCS-01-5, QCS-02-R1-5 and TCLP-02-1 as well as spike recoveries to samples show acceptable values, within 90-111 % of expected concentrations with relative standard deviations below 10 %, demonstrating the accuracy of the determinations. Both NO2 - and NO 3 - were above the maximum limits set by Brazilian legislation in two samples, indicating a microbiological contamination. One imported sample presented As (6.1 ± 0.2 µg L-1) near the maximum limit (10 µg L-1) while all other elements of interest were below the values specified by Brazilian legislation. Principal component analysis revealed that four imported samples and one from the Minas Gerais State have the highest mineral concentrations.

Concentración de fluoruro en aguas embotelladas comercializadas en Chile: importancia en caries y fluorosis dental / Fluoride concentration in bottled waters sold in Chile

Background: Bottled water consumption has currently increased and their fluoride (F) concentration may not be ideal in terms of caries benefit or risk of fluorosis. While low concentrations would have little anticaries effect, high F concentration would increase the risk of dental fluorosis. Aim: To measure F concentration in bottled waters sold in Chile. Material and Methods: Thirty bottles of water were purchased (15 sold as mineral water, six sold as purified water and nine as favored water). Samples were analyzed in duplicate with a previously calibrated ion-specific electrode. Mean F concentration of each product was calculated and expressed as ppm F (mg F/L). Results: A mean (± SD) concentration of 0.39 ± 0.42, 0.02 ± 0.006 and 0.11 ± 0.18 ppm F for mineral, purified and favored waters respectively, was found. Three samples were within the optimal F concentration recommended for drinking water in Chile, which ranges from 0.6 to 1.0 ppm F. Two were above such concentration and the others below. Only two waters displayed F concentration information in the label, which was corroborated by the analysis. Conclusions: Only 10% of the bottled waters commercialized in Chile have potential to prevent caries. The F concentration in most of them does not represent an increased risk of fluorosis.

PT2-5Balneotherapy in Russia / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

 Scientific balneology in Russia began to develop in the late 19th century.<BR>  Balneology for the first time began to be studied at Moscow University in 1865, at the same time it had been firmly established in medical practice. <BR>  In July 1921 was founded Central Research Institute of Balneology in Moscow. Its first goals were to study diseases to be treated at resorts, to study therapeutic effects of physical factors, organization of health resort industry and education. Significant attention was paid to exploration and development of deposits of mineral waters and peloids.<BR>  One of important areas for research was development of artificial mineral waters for external use (artificial hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, radon, iodine-bromine bathes), that made it possible to apply them in health facilities out of resorts. Special devices allowed use of dry carbonic bathes, dry-air radon bathes, underwater spinal traction.<BR>  Research activities were aimed to increase the effectiveness of treatment of natural factors in patients with various diseases. To achieve these goals studies of mechanism of physiological and therapeutic action of hydrobalneoprocedures were conducted.<BR>It concerned central regulatory mechanisms, biochemical processes, microcirculation changes and permeability of membranes, immune reactions, etc. Skin penetration and distribution of active substances of mineral waters and peloids have been studied.<BR>  Studies of specificity of reactions depending on physico-chemical composition of mineral water, study of minimal effective concentration of active ingredients were conducted.<BR>  Optimal parameters (temperature, concentration, duration of procedure, amount of procedures per treatment) for various diseases were identified. Methods of treatment of different diseases, indications and contra-indications for their use have been developed and published. Comparative analysis of efficiency, development of rational treatment complexes were carried out.<BR>  At present, studies of the mechanism of action balneological factors on the new methodological level, development of new approaches to applying the methods of hydro-balneotherapy, study and introduction of new balneological technology.

PT2-5 Balneotherapy in Russia / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

 Scientific balneology in Russia began to develop in the late 19th century.   Balneology for the first time began to be studied at Moscow University in 1865, at the same time it had been firmly established in medical practice.   In July 1921 was founded Central Research Institute of Balneology in Moscow. Its first goals were to study diseases to be treated at resorts, to study therapeutic effects of physical factors, organization of health resort industry and education. Significant attention was paid to exploration and development of deposits of mineral waters and peloids.   One of important areas for research was development of artificial mineral waters for external use (artificial hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, radon, iodine-bromine bathes), that made it possible to apply them in health facilities out of resorts. Special devices allowed use of dry carbonic bathes, dry-air radon bathes, underwater spinal traction.   Research activities were aimed to increase the effectiveness of treatment of natural factors in patients with various diseases. To achieve these goals studies of mechanism of physiological and therapeutic action of hydrobalneoprocedures were conducted. It concerned central regulatory mechanisms, biochemical processes, microcirculation changes and permeability of membranes, immune reactions, etc. Skin penetration and distribution of active substances of mineral waters and peloids have been studied.   Studies of specificity of reactions depending on physico-chemical composition of mineral water, study of minimal effective concentration of active ingredients were conducted.   Optimal parameters (temperature, concentration, duration of procedure, amount of procedures per treatment) for various diseases were identified. Methods of treatment of different diseases, indications and contra-indications for their use have been developed and published. Comparative analysis of efficiency, development of rational treatment complexes were carried out.   At present, studies of the mechanism of action balneological factors on the new methodological level, development of new approaches to applying the methods of hydro-balneotherapy, study and introduction of new balneological technology.

Immunomodulatory Effects of Balneotherapy with Hae-Un-Dae Thermal Water on Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Murine Model

BACKGROUND: Balneotherapy, although not a well-established dermatological treatment, is thought to have therapeutic properties for psoriasis and is used as an alternative treatment modality throughout the world. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mechanism underlying the therapeutic immunologic effects of thermomineral water. METHODS: A murine model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation was used for evaluating the therapeutic effects of balneotherapy with Hae-Un-Dae hot spring mineral water. The clinical improvements were evaluated by a dermatologist. Lesional cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-23, and IL-22, were quantitatively measured by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Serum levels of interferon-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-17A were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. T cell proportions in the spleen were evaluated by flow cytometry, and histopathological evaluation of the skin was also performed. RESULTS: The mineral water balneotherapy group showed faster improvement in skin erythema and scales than the distilled water bathing group. A substantial reduction was observed in the lesional mRNA levels of IL-17A and IL-23 in the mineral water group. Serum levels of IL-4 and IL-5 were significantly decreased in the mineral water group but not in the distilled water group. Normalized T cell proportions were observed after bathing. CONCLUSION: Balneotherapy showed immunomodulatory effects in a psoriasis-like murine model. Balneotherapy suppressed lesional IL-23 and IL-17A, which are important cytokines in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. These results suggest that balneotherapy can be used as an effective and safe treatment for psoriasis.

Therapeutic Effects and Immunomodulation of Suanbo Mineral Water Therapy in a Murine Model of Atopic Dermatitis

BACKGROUND: Balneotherapy is widely used as an alternative treatment modality for AD. Although the clinical benefit of some mineral waters has been established, their mechanisms of action in alleviating AD are only partly understood. OBJECTIVE: The clinical modification and immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory effects of mineral water from the Suanbo hot springs on the differentiation and cytokine production of Th1, Th2, and regulatory T cells (Treg) were investigated using spleen, skin tissue, and serum from NC/Nga mice. METHODS: The therapeutic effects of bathing in mineral water in a Dermatophagoides farinae body extract ointment (Dfb ointment)-induced AD mouse model were assessed by measuring the modified Scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) index scores, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), histological and immunohistochemical changes of the skin lesion, serum levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and immunoglobulin E, mRNA expression of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-5 of dorsal skin, and helper T cell differentiation in the spleen. RESULTS: Bathing in mineral water significantly reduced the modified SCORAD index scores, TEWL, epidermal hyperplasia, and inflammatory cell infiltration. IL-4 production and Th2 cell differentiation showed a decreasing tendency with mineral water bathing, but the Th1 cells did not. On the contrary, differentiation to Treg cells was promoted with mineral water bathing. CONCLUSION: Balneotherapy not only has anti-inflammatory activity, but also shows positive effects on cutaneous barrier homeostasis. These results suggest that the favorable effects of balneotherapy may be mediated by modifying the Th2 response, and possibly in part by inducing Treg cell differentiation.

Revisão histórica das águas termais / A historical review of mineral water

A indústria francesa de cosméticos tem comercializado águas minerais termais com alguns efeitos biológicos. Tem sido demonstrado que elementos oligominerais têm propriedades hidratantes, antioxidantes e anti-inflamatórias. Este trabalho de revisão aborda estudos clínicos in vitro e in vivo com águas minerais termais disponíveis comercialmente, determinando seus efeitos na pele, assim como suas principais indicações. Também foram feitas a revisão histórica dos usos de águas minerais termais na dermatologia com foco na identificação de suas propriedades físicas e químicas, bem como a comparação entre a composição qualitativa dos oligoelementos dessas águas.

The French cosmetics industry has been marketing thermal mineral waters that have certain biological effects. Previous studies have demonstrated that oligomineral elements have hydrating, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This literature review discusses in vitro and in vivo clinical studies of commercially available thermal mineral waters to determine their effects on the skin and their main indications. A historical review was also carried out on the use of thermal mineral waters in dermatology, with an emphasis on identifying their physical and chemical properties and comparing the qualitative composition of the oligominerals present in those waters.

Avaliação físico-química e biológica da eficácia de uma água mineral lipossomada na pele / Physico-chemical and biological effectiveness evaluation of a liposome- enhanced mineral water on the skin

Introdução: Devido aos seus efeitos hidratante e anti-inflamatório, a água mineral tem sido progressivamente mais utilizada em Dermatologia. Não obstante, apresenta penetração aparentemente superficial. Um lipossoma elástico contendo água mineral foi desenvolvido para melhorar a sua penetração e ação na pele. Objetivos: O presente estudo avaliou a eficácia de um lipossoma de 30-100nm, composto de trealose e fosfatidilcolina de soja, que pode atravessar espaços 30nm e carregar a água mineral para as camadas mais profundas da pele. Métodos: O método de RAMAN foi utilizado para avaliar a penetração do lipossoma na pele. A análise dos seus efeitos hidratantes foi realizada através da medida da expressão gênica da filagrina e da acquaporina. Os efeitos anti-inflamatórios foram medidos através da quantidades de NF-¿¿. Resultados: A fosfatidilcolina foi utilizada como um marcador no teste de RAMAN, tendo sido localizada a 1-7nm mais profundamente no estrato córneo 30 minutos depoisda aplicação; 60 minutos após a aplicação, o lipossoma foi encontrado sobre a camada espinhosa. Nenhuma alteração foi verificada 120 minutos após a a plicação. A expressão gênica da filagrina aumentou 3 vezes e a da aquaporina, 1.8 vez. Em relação à NF-¿¿, houve 47% de diminuiçãoi na sua atividade. Conclusão: A multidisciplinaridade da nanotecnologia e seus benefícios não podem ser minimizados. O desenvolvimento de lipossomas com tecnologia brasileira denotam a capacidade de nossos cientistas de inovar os sistemas de delivery em cosméticos, beneficiando a dermatologia. O aproveitamento da riqueza hídrica do Brasil também deve ser ressaltado a fim de estimular novos estudos relacionados com a nossa diversidade natural. O presente estudo permite concluir que a água lipossomada pode permear a pele e permite melhores efeitos biológicos.

Introduction: Introduction: Mineral water has been used in Dermatology for its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory effects. Its penetration seems to be superficial. An elastic liposome containing mineral water was developed in efforts to improve its penetration and action in the skin. Objectives: This study evaluated the efficacy of a 30-100 nm liposome, made of trehalose and soy phosphatidylcholine, which can cross 30 nm spaces and deliver the mineral water to deeper layers of the skin. Methods: The RAMAN method was used to evaluate the permeation of the liposome into the skin. Its moisturizing effects were measured through the genic expression of filaggrin and acquaporin, and its anti-inflammatory effects were measured through NF-¿ß quantities. Results: After 30 minutes, the phosphatidylcholine was localized 1-7 nm deeper in the corneum layer; 60 minutes after, the liposome had penetrated to the spinous layer; and no changes were verified after 120 minutes. The genic expression of filaggrin increased 3 times and the expression of acquaporin increased 1.8 times. NF-¿ß activity decreased 47%. Conclusion: Nanotechnology and its benefits are very important to dermatology. The development of liposomes with Brazilian technology demonstrates the emergence of a knowledge base regarding cosmetic delivery systems in the country. Therefore, Brazil's wealth of mineral spring waters represents a considerably valuable resource and should be the object of further studies in dermatology. This study has verified that liposome-encapsulated water can permeate the skin and provide enhanced biological effects

Avaliação bioquímica e toxicológica de uma água mineral brasileira e seus efeitos cutâneos em uso tópico / Biochemical and toxicological assessment of a Brazilian mineral water and its effects on the skin

Introdução: A indústria de cosméticos francesa comercializa águas minerais como tendo benefícios biológicos. Objetivo: O presente estudo analisa, in vitro e in vivo, a composição oligomineral, assim como as características físico-químicas e efeitos biológicos de uma água mineral brasileira. Métodos: Foram conduzidos testes para avaliar as propriedades químicas, a citotoxidade (células viáveis) e a irritabilidade (teste het-cam). Estudos in vitro foram realizados para avaliar a capacidade de indução de expressão gênica e de detecção imunohistogênica de filagrina e aquaporina 3, de atividade de nf-kb e de proliferação de fibroblastos, em relação à água Milli Q. Resultados: A água estudada apresentou um alto índice de estrôncio (0,61 mg/ml). A expressão da filagrina e respectivos testes munohistoquímicos foram relevantes. A aquaporina 3 aumentou 1,8 vezes e a atividade do nf-kb decresceu 47%. A água em questão também foi capaz de estimular a proliferação de fibroblastos. Conclusão: A avaliação dessa água mineral originária da Serra do Japi (SP, Brasil), indica a existência de potencial para figurar como tratamento adjuvante em dermatologia, pois os resultados sugerem que ha hidratação da barreira cutânea, estimulo`a proliferação de fibroblastos, além da reparação e inibição de reações inflamatórias. Estudos clínicos adicionais devem ser realizados para que tais resultados sejam confirmados.